Which of the following is an example of a non-chemical pest control method?

The manual removal of pests represents a non-chemical pest control method because it involves physically eliminating the pests without the use of chemicals or pesticides. This method relies on human intervention to locate and remove pests such as insects or rodents by hand or with tools, providing an environmentally friendly and often immediate solution to pest issues. Non-chemical methods can be effective in managing pest populations while minimizing the potential risks associated with chemical applications, such as toxicity to humans, pets, and beneficial organisms in the ecosystem.

Other options involve the use of chemicals in various forms to control pests, which distinguishes them from the manual removal approach. Chemical insecticides and herbicides both utilize substances designed to kill or repel pests or weeds, while fumigation involves releasing gaseous chemicals into an area to eradicate pests. These methods can be effective but carry certain risks and environmental concerns that non-chemical methods like manual removal do not.